Rhetoric Of Protest Songs Essay Example For Students

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Individual Statement - Essay Example I had the extraordinary chance to work at Glorysky Group and Macau Natural Gas, the two of which have furnished me with escalated preparing just as a significant chance to actualize my aptitudes and information from my examinations. I led investigate in the worldwide vitality advertise and aggregated normal reports with respect to vitality value variance, which I introduced to the group’s official directors. My exploration has furnished my manager with trustworthy data about different subjects, going from value unpredictability to foreseen benefits because of vacillations in universal LNG request. Moreover, I was associated with the arrangement of hazard supporting procedures to Macau Natural Gas, for the most part on loan costs and trade rates, which are the company’s significant concern. My examination and methodology has contributed highly to future financing plans, just as to finding the best market openings. These encounters contribute significantly to my explorati on proposition. Moreover, to learn ability in this field, which lies outside my financial aspects educational plan, I have attempted to increase some extra capabilities increasingly applicable to the field of hazard the board. For this reason, I contemplated and passed the Professional Risk Manager (PRMTM ) assignment. To improve aptitudes on the equivalent, I have considered and passed the Chartered Financial Analysis Program (CFA), level 1 and the Financial Risk Manager Program (FRM), level 1. These outside investigations are accomplishments that recognize me from different applicants; since a lot of additional time and exertion has been put resources into social event scholastic information just as work understanding. At first, picking my focal point of research among horticulture and vitality introduced a significant test for me, since these are at present the two most approaching shortage issues concerning financial specialists. I have affirmed, be that as it may, that my advan tage is extraordinarily one-sided towards vitality as opposed to the other option, as I found in the wake of venturing to the far corners of the planet. Moreover, â€Å"Oil on the Brain† by Lisa Margonelli was a genuine motivation for me. She demonstrated that examining a subject is past the extent of basically perusing content from books and that individual experience is similarly significant. Luckily, I have companions and family members dispersed in different ventures over the globe, and therefore, I had the option to increase remarkable access to limited mining locales to investigate the energizing scenes. Specifically, Lisa Margonelli referenced a portion of the scenes in her books; locates that could get anybody astounded and totally dependent. My outing to Alberta a year ago was just the beginning of my excursion. The joint endeavor of Macau Natural Gas and Sinopec will concede me boundless access to different vitality plant locales in Asia, especially Mainland China, which will consequently be my arrangement during the current year. Besides, I accept that I have fathomed my shortcoming unequivocally, which makes my movement to graduate examinations fundamental. My significant procedures for estimating value forecasts are through econometrics and scientific demonstrating, while at the same time utilizing explicit projects, making it constrained at this point productive. MSc Economics was likewise imperative to strengthen my econometrics displaying. Moreover, having a superior comprehension in macroeconomics gave me a greater image of the world economy and with modern quantitative abilities. A MSc in Finance then again furnished me with the better

Why Does Writing an Argument Require the Use of Argumentative Essay Examples?

Why Does Writing an Argument Require the Use of Argumentative Essay Examples?Many people ask me, is there a good way to go about writing an essay that includes an argument? There are ways to go about this, but the best way is by paying attention to the entire essay and analyzing it. By doing this, you can build the strength of your argument without having to worry about not being able to make the argument work for your reader.You want to be sure to read the entire essay through. Your goal is to find areas that can be strengthened and areas that need to be strengthened. To do this, look for areas that may not make logical sense or that may be inconsistent with your other information presented in the essay.By examining your entire essay, you will be able to make the best conclusions and arguments based on the data presented. Sometimes the way to make the strongest argument is to just make your best and not worry about if the reader will believe you or not. If you have strong points, th en your essay will stand out to the reader and they will draw their own conclusions from what you have written.Of course, the strongest argument is not always the one that is made the most eloquently. The most powerful way to make an argument is to present and support the facts that are presented and provide as much proof as possible to support your statements. Be certain to use logical fallacies to bring up inconsistencies in the opposing point of view. This will help build the strength of your argument and show how weak the other side's argument is.The next thing to do is to write a list of the strongest points and strongest objections to your strong argument. Now, to build the strength of your argument is simple: the more evidence you can present, the stronger your argument will be. For example, if you are arguing that the president should be impeached, you would not include any weak argument that states that he shouldn't be impeached. You would present all the facts and the evid ence and use logic in support of your argument.Another type of weak argument is stating something is true based on a logical fallacy. Your goal is to disprove a position or an action without addressing the fact that the fact is false. By stating something is true based on a logical fallacy, you are simply stating that it's possible and you are giving the false premise a value based on how many times it has been used in the past. As you go along, you will be able to expand your argument to include other logical fallacies that will strengthen your argument and this can be done in one place and never have to be repeated.Another way to make a strong argument is to give your reader things that they don't know and start your argument from there. While you can attack the facts and present them as facts, if you have little evidence to support your case, your chances of winning the argument will be reduced. You want to present your readers with facts and show that they cannot ignore these fa cts and not try to refute them with your proof.Make your arguments, whether in essay or as a blog post, with enough facts that your reader knows that you have a very strong argument. For example, if you are arguing that you should vote for Mitt Romney for president, start with the fact that Mitt Romney doesn't care about women. Then give some examples of the actions he has taken or believed and the women he has offended. Then tell your readers that as a woman and a Democrat, you cannot vote for him and you have read the whole section and conclude by telling them that if you don't vote for him, the women and minorities will suffer the most.

Essay on Ford and Flexible Manufacturing - 1093 Words

The automotive industry is a highly competitive market where brand loyalty is only as strong as the latest gizmo and horsepower upgrade. The automotive assembly process, perfected by Henry Ford, was based on the simple principle that â€Å"customers can order a Model T in any color they wanted as long as it was black.† After the 1920’s the market witnessed new entrants with unheard of automobile features that ended Ford’s golden age. New automakers such as Buick, Chrysler, and Oldsmobile offered customers varying colors and styles that propelled sales. The automotive industry has grown in the United States from 4192 automobiles on the road in 1900 to 204 million in 2003. In an effort to regain brand loyalty Ford has embarked on an ambitious†¦show more content†¦Corps pieces of equipment such as robotics, painting technologies, and welding systems must work in simultaneously and synchronously. At the Ford motor plant the process of manufacturing a F-150 b egins with metal pallets with an RF tag that contains all the specification of the truck. If the machines making the truck detect an error conflicting with the FR tag the assembly process stops and a worker is called to resolve the issue. If the plant manager gets the word to halt production and begin making a different vehicle because of shifting customer demand only 20 percent of the hardware and software have to be replaced. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the unexpected benefits Ford has encountered is a 25 percent drop in fasteners and other components needed to make automobiles. Moreover, Flexible manufacturing has had a major increase in parts stock levels. Suppliers receive six days worth of orders from Ford via satellite to ensure that suppliers know what will be assembled in the near future and they know what sequence order each truck will be made in ensuring the right parts arrive on time. The system is so accurate Ford says 999/1000 trucks started leave the assembly plant in the order they were received.Show MoreRelatedMgt6801133 Words   |  5 PagesComparative Table Issues: | Ford | Toyota | Economic En: Micro | * Strong dealer network. * Better performance than GM amp; Chevrolet. | * Strong international presence. * Prius has performed better than competitor hybrids. | Economic En: Macro | * The effect of 2008 recession has impacted the company. * A new car for the new driver is the socio-cultural factor targeted. | * Focuses on environmentally friendly cars. * Technological innovations have given Toyota competitiveRead MoreFordism1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthe moving line for final assembly.’(Cohen amp; Kennedy 2007: 95 ) For instance, in 1900, there were 18 million horses, but only 8,000 cars in America. For local people, car just was a bulky and expensive â€Å"stupid bug†, after Henry Ford brought Fordism in manufacturing, the cars of Ford’s company had become a culture and can be seen at everywhere, such as movies and songs. This essay will describe the main characteristics and history of Fordism, then, it will introduce Taylorism, after explainingRead MoreFord Motor Company Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagestorFord Motor Company Case Report Executive Summary Ford Motor Company is based in Dearborn Michigan and was incorporated in 1903 by Henry Ford. Its core business is the design and manufacturing of automobiles. As Teri Takai, the Director of Supply Chain Systems, I will recommend Environmental and Root Cause Analysis How should Ford progress with emerging technologies and other high tech ideas Virtual integration - Ford needs to radically change its supply chain to keep up with the changing technologiesRead MoreFord Motor Company Analysis1703 Words   |  7 PagesExternal and Internal Environments Automotive Industry - Ford Motor Company Choose the two (2) segments of the general environment that would rank highest in their influence on the corporation you chose. Assess how these segments affect the corporation you chose and the industry in which it operates. The general environment for Ford and the automotive industry in general can best be characterized by weakened economy and emerging social and political trends that are demanding higher efficiencyRead MoreAutomation And The Assembly Line Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished in 1913 with the assembly line: â€Å"The introduction of the assembly line at Ford Motor Company in 1913 is often cited as one of the first forms of automation† (Dias, 2014). While this type of automation is very different from what we experience today, it is a great example of just how time saving it can be to add automation to a production process. The introduction of the assembly line resulted in Ford cutting the time it takes to produce a car from 12 hours down to only 1.5 hours. AutomationRead MoreFord Motor Case Study1291 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary: Ford wanted to adapt the idea of virtual integration to improve its supply chain. By the use of technology; it wanted to reduce its working capital and increase profits. Moreover, the company was emphasizing more and more on shareholder value and customer responsiveness so they were looking into reengineering some of their processes which can help improve their current forecasting model and reduce OTD cycle times substantially. With new business models prevailing, Ford did not want toRead MoreEssay on Ford Motor Company Case Study1695 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Ford Motor Company Case Report ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Ford Motor Company has a long history, starting in Michigan in 1903. They have focused on designing and manufacturing and have been very successful, however with increasing competition, global markets and over-capacity the company needs to look at ways to improve profitability. The company hasRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ford Motor Company Swot Analysis1074 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis of Ford. SWOT Analysis Ford Motor Company SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong position in US market ECOnetic initiative Sound financial performance One Ford Increasing Market share in Asia High cost structure Low Market share in Europe Low exposure to Asia-Pacific Poor environmental record Opportunities Threats Green vehicles Increasing fuel prices Strategic partnership Intense Competition Debt Rising Raw material prices Strength As the second largest automaker in US, Ford holds aRead MoreThe Beginning Of Modern Day Industry1698 Words   |  7 Pages More than perhaps any single person of the last century, Henry Ford can take responsibility for creating the American consumer ethic and the American middle class. We can thank him or curse him for what he has done, but either way, we have to acknowledge the impact Henry Ford had on our society. When we think about it, we have to acknowledge the impact he has had on each of our individual lives. You might not know that Henry Ford did not start out as a successful producer of automobiles. AfterRead MoreThe Industrial Pioneer And Motor Industry Icon1353 Words   |  6 PagesFordism is a concept that is named after Henry Ford, a well-known industrial pioneer and motor industry icon. Fordism is based around the idea of industrialized and standardised form of mass production. It is related to the idea of mass consumption and is based on the idea that if it is made in a larger quantity then the price to produce these products can be reduced. This could then possibly provide an opportunity to gain a larger market. Understanding Fordism and the scientific management concept

Psychology Of The Children And Crime Policy - 940 Words

Psychology of the Children and Crime Policy Brenetia FFrench-Shareef Liberty University Psychology of the Children and Crime Policy While murder is taken as one of the most offensive crime, children of six years and below are not punishable under the law. The category is believed to be incapable of planning and executing crimes regardless of the magnitude of the crime committed. Between the ages of two to six years, the child is engaged in many trial activities which he does not understand their consequences. Again, the brain of the child is at the stage of developing high memory capacity. Unfortunately, the most permanently stored information is that of activities undertaken and which involved emotional feelings. They are, therefore, likely to remember and act by their feelings and not much about their thinking. At the age of six, the children are eager to understand why the rules exist and how they operate. The brain is at the stage where it does not configure much and can, therefore, fail to control the actions of the body. Also, the age represents the child most unstable emotional stage. When angry, they do n ot know how to solve it and what lies as alternative problem-solving methods. Between the age of two and six years, the brain experiences a rapid growth. By the age of six, the brain is 90% developed as compared to that of the adult. However, the child lacks experience and knowledge. The brain becomes a trainee of what happens around them and imitates what isShow MoreRelated Juveniles Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesstrong-armed robbery. Farouka was involved with two other young people in robbing another 14-year-old in front of a 7-11 convenient store. They beat and kicked the victim and stole approximately $20.00 in cash. The convenient store clerk had interrupted the crime. As a result of the beating the victim was taken to the hospital. During the interview Farouka was very unclear of her punishment (group home placement for 12 months) and felt it was too harsh. Her reasoning was because it was her first offense. HoweverRead MoreThe Effects Of Movies On Child Psychology930 Words   |  4 PagesDetrimental effects of movies on child psychology After the advent of first motion picture cameras in 1890s, movies have become one of our best ways to alleviate stress and manifest feelings and concepts. Movies are the mirror of a society that reflects social practices, incidents and imperfections. Movies are one of the effective means to sow the seeds of aspirations, ideas for making the utopian fantasy to reality. However, in recent years, in order to allure more viewers, movies have followedRead MoreThe Mind Of A Child893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind Of A Child Student s Name Institution The Mind of a Child Unlike adults, children cannot be punished even for committing serious crimes such as murder because the legal system indicates that young children cannot be held responsible for such crimes. There are biological, cognitive, and emotional or social development factors behind this policy. The biological argument for this policy holds that a child below six years would be excused from responsibility for their actions becauseRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Homelessness1485 Words   |  6 Pagesnotice government programs in their daily lives, implemented policies have major effects on American citizens. It is estimated that around 1.35 million children suffer from homelessness due to their families living on the streets (Crook). With this massive housing conundrum, the United States government should increase funding for the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Increased funding would decrease homelessness by lowering the crime rate, educating students, and improving American livi ng conditionsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal responsibility has to be maintained, however, the statistics that show a significant relationship between socio-economic status and vulnerability to crime cannot be dismissed (Aaltonen, Kivivuori, Martikainen, 2011). Only when these blatant injustices (e.g. the gap between the rich and the poor) are compensated, a reduction of crime can be achieved (Aaltonen, Kivivuori, Martikainen, 2011). However, not only economic problems cause juveniles to commit criminal acts. Also, broken familiesRead MoreBullying: Policy and Sociological Theory657 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Bullying: Policy and (Sociological) Theory Sociological theories, concepts, and studies provide a greater purpose and function more than just being products of academic and research extension work. Work in policy development is where usually these theories and studies are translated into policy recommendations and if lobbied and defended with strong support from key and influential individuals and groups, could actually lead to legislative action. Indeed, the conversion of theory to policy is a processRead MoreThe Media And The Criminal Justice System Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe media plays the role as entertaining and a source of information to its viewers, however, with the current crime trends, most viewers have the perceptions that our criminal justice system is lacking in areas of proper sentencing and protecting the viewers. All this is based upon what we see in the media is the information reliable or not? I say this because of hearing about news personality lying about their experience only to booster the net works rating. When the criminal justice system hasRead More The IQ Debate Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesconceptual skills† (Humphreys, 1979) Intelligence is commonly measured through the use of a number of scales and quantitative measures, like the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), developed by Alfred Binet in early 20th century to identify which French children needed more attention from their educators. The use of IQ tests progressively spread to all parts of the world. The use of these tests has raised controversy among psychologists and educators, with supporters of IQ tests assuming that the testsRead MoreDefinition And Broader Applicability Of The Function Of Punishment1125 Words   |  5 PagesWithin our American legal system, the notion of how, to what extent, and why an offender should be punished following his or her transgression are the primary tenets of sentencing policies and the ultimate goal of achieving justice and preventing the spread of crime. Contention exists around the particular definition and broader applicability of the function of punishment, (Sayre-McCord 2001; Wringe 2012; Montague 2002; Hanna 201 2; Kelly 2009; Stafford Warr 1993), yet overall, there is agreementRead MoreAnti Bullying Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesAparicio Saint Joseph’s College The Need for Enhanced Anti-Bullying Laws and School Programs Bullying was traditionally considered rites of passage, something all children and youth must go through. This is a myth. In today’s violent growing society, bullying has been responsible for several acts of non-punishable crimes. The lack of attention to implementing and enforcing anti-bullying state laws, and funding anti-bullying school programs, is only making this problem worse. There is not

Eadweard Muybridge Issue Visual Culture

Question: Discuss about the Eadweard Muybridge Issue for Visual Culture. Answer: Introduction Eadweard Muybridge was an English photographer who lived between 9th April 1830 8th May 1904. He is best remembered for his work in photographic studies on motion picture and motion picture projection. Originally born as Edward James Muggeridge, he came to be known as the father of motion picture(Sailor, 2007). This is due to his early photographic experiments that are believed to have laid the foundation of the motion picture. He is widely credited as being the inventor of motion picture technique that cinematography was developed. Muybridge began developing an interest in photography when he was recuperating from a coach crash in 1860. He then moved to the America after his recover and joined photography business in San Francisco. Muybridge later established his name in the art, especially in landscape work. He was in fact appointed as the director of photographic surveys by the United States government in 1868 where he conducted studies in several remote areas including the newly purchased Alaska(Herbert Reynolds, 2013). Muybridge was a very daring person at his younger age in the photographic world. This is revealed by the way he left San Francisco in 1860 as a merchant and came back in 1867 as a professional photographer. He gained very high and proficient skills in the profession to own an artistic eye. This can be seen in most of his work where he was able to express his feelings in the way that he captured photography. Looking at some of his work, one can easily feel the mood of the place when it happened. Muybridge was also very passionate at his work(Pytel, 2013). This contributed to his success in the art, he used to focus highly on the landscape and architectural subjects. Also by the fact that he decided to convert a light weight carriage in to a portable darkroom tell a lot about his love for photography. As he grew in the business, most people would approach him for portrait work including his stereograph which was the popular format of time sold in different galleries and other photograp hic firms on Montgomery Street in San Francisco. When he began his career, Muybridge was first hired by Robert B. Woodward where he was tasked to take exclusive photos of his Woodwards Gardens. This included a zoo, an amusement park, a museum and aquarium that opened in San Francisco in 1866. From this, one learns that as a photographer, Muybridge was a very obedient and humbler person. He spoke very little and did a lot of is talking from the photos he tool. His reputation was however established in 1867 when he took the Yosemite Valley wilderness photo and other areas in San Francisco(Hillier, 2007). He gained a lot of popularity in landscape photographs that expressed the expansive and grandeur of the western life. Most of his human figures were usually dwarfed by the surroundings as it is expressed in most Chinese paintings. His humbleness is also expressed in the fact that he never used his real name in signing photographs. Most he went with the pseudonym Helios which was also the name of his studio. Muybridge was also a great risk taker, this was evident from the physical positions he would do to take his photographs, he would also use a very heavy view camera and glasses of plate negatives during his travel. One of the most spectacular photographs he ever published was in 1872 which showed him sitting casually on a rock over the Yosemite Valley which was about 2,000 feet space below him(Nisbet, 2013). The fact that he took photographs in the ever cold Alaska in 1868 also showed his risk taking characteristic. But that is what best photographers are made of. He taught other photographers that a unique picture could only be taken when the photographer himself was ready to take the extra mile for the best capture. This was the same when he was contracted in 1873 by the United States army to photograph th e Modoc War against the Native Americans in North Carolina. However, being a passionate person he was, he easily blended with the people around and was able to even take more photographs that were unimaginable at the time. By use of time-lapse photography, Muybridge was able to make a sequence of images of the San Francisco mint building as it developed from 1870 to 1872(Sailor, 2007). Revelance of Muybridge work When it come to the world of photography, Muybridge is one of the biggest house names. He defines the origin of photography in his own unique way. In 1867, he was credited for capturing the raw beauty of the Californian landscape. With him was a mobile darkroom under the pseudonym Helios. He presented a series of very striking images that were titled scenery of the Yosemite Valle(Hillier, 2007)y. In this regard, his reputation of cemented as a serious photographer. His contribution to motion pictures cannot go unnoticed. He was able to produce a sequence of shots to capture horses in motion. This was capture using the San Francisco Governors Horse. He also produced another motion picture in 1879. The unique images produced by Muybridge evolutionalised the world of photography. His motion picture photography was witnessed by both animals and people by using a camera with shutters which worked at a speed of one-thousandth of a second. In fact, he went ahead to create a device known as Zoopraxiscope which worked well with painted glass discs to display images in motion. This gave birth to the field of animation where visual art would be changed to the motion(Herbert Reynolds, 2013). With respect to his works, Muybridge can be called the pioneer of cinema who enabled the understanding of the movement of human beings and animals. His impact on visual arts has continued to be realized in the modern blockbuster film makers, exploration of landscapes and stop time images which continue to manifest in different ways in modern art and film. In addition, his status as a technical innovator cannot also go unmentioned he came up with various ways to improve photography which can be read in his biography(Hillier, 2007). Muybridge was a businessperson, photojournalist, and land scape artists. By observing the history of both the professional and social life of Muybridge, one can conclude that the man was unique in the way that he conducted both. As a photographer, he was very aggressive, daring and always passionate to explore new zones and ways of photographic art. One of the most fascinating things about the artists was that he related so much of his working attitude to his work. His photography would define his lifestyle. His capacity as an entrepreneur also cannot go unmentioned, he invented the motion picture photography which lifted his career to great heights. For example by looking at the Moving Horse, (Pictured Below), one can see ways in which the photographer was determined to become unique in the photography business. The above picture left most people amazed by the way, still photos would be translated in to a moving horse that was also seen jumping. The moving horse picture was a milestone for the photographer and showed how photography could be used to make stories. The Moving horse is one of the most inspired photographic films to date and is largely credited as being the invention of film. The above picture of two nude men wrestling was also a master piece for the photographer. Though the picture must have been criticized for its nudity, it clearly expresses the creative mind of the photographer and how daring he was to go an extra mile in telling a story. The above picture, which was the valley of Yosemite presented another part of Muybridge and his love of nature. His bravery enabled him to travel to places where most photographers of the time never dared. The valley of Yosemite was another piece that described the mind of the photographer as a lover of nature and life. By looking at the above pictures, it is evident that Muybridge helped built the motion picture industry that is now a multi-billion business. He also documented major event from during and after the American civil war which built the social and political landscape of the United States of America today. This shows that he was a social person who engaged with the new world in the United States and Native Americans very well(Gordon, 2015). However, when it comes to the cultural perspective, it is most argued that he did not perform well. This is because most of his productions were viewed by many as being unethical(Gordon, 2015). There were some of his productions that were not accepted by the United States society and most would condemn his work. For example, some of his photography showed nude pictures of men and women which were in that time not accepted openly. With the fact that he was not able to attend to his wife also showed some weaknesses about the photographer. In fact, Muybridge was accused of murdering his wifes lover, Major Harry larkyns in 1874(Sailor, 2007). He was however acquitted in a jury trial because it was justifiable. This, however, represents the uncultured part of the photographers since committing murder or killing someone was not cultural upright. Muybridge creativity depicted the difference between him and other photographers. Even though both of them used shutter parts of the camera, he would go extra miles to introduce imagination into film, which made his work exceptionally interesting to the viewer's eyes. The themes in Muybridge photography was very different from the rest of the photographers of the 21st century. In addition, the technology used in his time was very cumbersome and time taking. The photographs were taken through a long chemical process, unlike modern photography which is done digital form and produced instantly(Hillier, 2007). Conclusion In the view of both the professional and social life of Eadweard Muybridge, it can be concluded that he was a naturally born photographer. His creativity and love of nature and city life, evidently shows that Muybridge was out to explore the world and bring it to the world through film. His social and cultural life cannot surpass the contribution the man contributed to American history and most importantly to the world of film and photography. He influenced greatly the growth of international trade, nationalism, capitalism and other infrastructural development all around the world by sharing his photography(Pytel, 2013). His contribution to the motion picture film remains to be the mother of modern day film. References Gordon, S., 2015. Indecent Exposures: Eadweard Muybridge's "Animal Locomotion" Nudes. New Haven: Yale University Press. Herbert, S. Reynolds, A., 2013. Eadweard Muybridge issue. Early Popular Visual Culture, 11(1), p. 1. Hillier, P., 2007. Men and Horses in Motion. Early Popular Visual Culture, 5(1), p. 25. Nisbet, J., 2013. Atmospheric Cameras and Ecological Light in the Landscape Photographs of Eadweard Muybridge. Photography and Culture, 6(2), pp. 131-155. Pytel, M., 2013. Eadweard Muybridge: inverted modernism and the stereoscopic vision. Early Popular Visual Culture, 11(1), p. 71. Sailor, R., 2007. Meaningful places: Nineteenth-century photography and the local landscapes of the American West. s.l.:ProQuest Dissertations Publishing..

Parties in India Essay Example

Parties in India Essay Left Democratic Front  is one of the two major alliances that dominate the political life of the  Indian  state  Kerala. This front is led by  Communist Party of India (Marxist)  (CPI(M)). Since 2006  LDF controls a majority of 99 seats  (out of a total of 140 seats) in the state legislative assembly. After the  2006 Assembly Election, veteran CPI(M) leader  V. S. Achuthanandan  is heading the LDF government in Kerala. Communist Party of India (Marxist) The  Communist Party of India (Marxist)  (abbreviated  CPI(M)  or  CPM) is a  political party  in  India. It has a strong presence in the states of  Kerala,  West Bengal  and  Tripura. As of 2010, CPI(M) is leading the state governments in these three states. The party emerged out of a split from the  Communist Party of India  in 1964. CPI(M) claimed to have 982,155 members in 2007. [2] History Split in the Communist Party of India and formation of CPI(M) CPI(M) emerged out of a division within the  Communist Party of India  (CPI). The undivided CPI had experienced a period of upsurge during the years following the  Second World War. The CPI led armed rebellions in  Telangana,  Tripura  and  Kerala. However, it soon abandoned the strategy of armed revolution in favour of working within the  parliamentary  framework. In 1950  B. T. Ranadive, the CPI general secretary and a prominent representative of the radical sector inside the party, was demoted on grounds of left-adventurism. Under the government of the  Indian National Congress  party of  Jawaharlal Nehru, independent India developed close relations and a strategic partnership with the  Soviet Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Parties in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parties in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parties in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Soviet government consequently wished that the Indian communists moderate their criticism towards the Indian state and assume a supportive role towards the Congress governments. However, large sections of the CPI claimed that India remained a semi-feudalcountry, and that  class struggle  could not be put on the back-burner for the sake of guarding the interests of Soviet trade and foreign policy. Moreover, the Indian National Congress appeared to be generally hostile towards political competition. In 1959 the central government intervened to impose  Presidents Rule  in  Kerala, toppling theE. M. S. Namboodiripad  cabinet (the sole non-Congress state government in the country). Leadership [pic] [pic] CPI(M) leaders at the 18th party congress [pic] [pic] Harkishan Singh Surjeet  and  Jyoti Basu The current general secretary of CPI(M) is Prakash Karat. The 19th party congress of CPI(M), held in  Coimbatore  March 29-April 3, 2008 elected a Central Committee with 87 members. The Central Committee later elected a 15-member  Politburo: ? Prakash Karat ? Sitaram Yechury ? S. Ramachandran Pillai ? Buddhadeb Bhattacharya ? Manik Sarkar ? M. K. Pandhe ? Biman Bose ? Pinarayi Vijayan K. Varadarajan ? B. V. Raghavulu ? Brinda Karat ? Nirupam Sen ? Kodiyeri Balakrishnan ? Mohammad Amin The senior most member,  V. S. Achuthanandan  was removed from the Polit Bureau on July 12, 2009. The 19th congress saw the departure of the last two members of the Polit Bureau who had been on the original Polit Bureau in 1964,  Harkishen Singh Surjeet  and  Jyoti Basu. Communist Party of India The  Communist Party of India  (CPI) is a  political party  in India. In the Indian communist movement, there are different views on exactly when the Indian communist party was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by CPI is 26 December 1925. But the  Communist Party of India (Marxist), which split-off from the CPI, claims that the party was founded in 1920. The Communist Party of India was founded in  Tashkent, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on October 17, 1920, soon after the Second Congress of the  Communist International. The founding members of the party were  M. N. Roy, Evelina Trench Roy (Roys wife),  Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof (Abanis wife), Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq Siddiqui and  M. P. B. T. Acharya. [1][2] The CPI began efforts to build a party organisation inside India. Roy made contacts with  Anushilan  and  Jugantargroups in  Bengal. Small communist groups were formed in Bengal (led by  Muzaffar Ahmed),  Bombay  (led byS. A. Dange),  Madras  (led by  Singaravelu Chettiar),  United Provinces  (led by  Shaukat Usmani) and  Punjab  (led by  Ghulam Hussain). However, only Usmani became a CPI party member. [3 Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) From Wikipedia, the free encyclop Revolutionary Socialist Party  is a Marxist-Leninist  political party  in  India. The party was founded on March 19, 1940 and has its roots in the  Bengaliliberation movement  Anushilan Samiti  and the  Hindustan Socialist Republican Army. The party got around 0,4% of the votes and three seats in the  Lok Sabha  elections in 1999 and 2004. It is part of the state governments inA major section of the Anushilan movement had been attracted to Marxism during the 1930s, many of them studying Marxist-Leninist literature whilst serving long jail sentences. A minority section broke away from the Anushilan movement and joined the  Communist Consolidation, and later theCommunist Party of India. The majority of the Anushilan marxists did however, whilst having adopted Marxist-Leninist thinking, feel hesitant over joining the Communist Party. [3] The Anushilanites distrusted the political lines formulated by the  Communist International. They criticized the line adopted at the 6th Comintern congress of 1928 as ultra-left sectarian. The Colonial theses of the 6th Comintern congress called upon the communists to combat the national-reformist leaders and to unmask the national reformism of the  Indian National Congress  and oppose all phrases of the Swarajists, Gandhists, etc. bout passive resistance. Moreover, when Indian left-wing elements formed the  Congress Socialist Party  in 1934, the CPI branded it as  Social Fascist. [4]  When the Comintern policy swung towards  Popular Frontism  at its 1935 congress, at the time by which the majority of the Anushilan movement were adopting a marxist-leninist approach), the Anushilan marxists questioned this shift as a betrayal of the internationalist character of the Comintern and felt that the International had been reduced to an agency of Soviet foreign policy. 5]  Moreover, the Anushilan marxists opposed the notion of Socialism in One Country West Bengal,  Kerala  and  Tripura. Janata Dal (Secular The  Janata Dal (Secular)  is a  Centre-left   : ( )Indian  political party[1]  led by former  Prime Minister of India  H. D. Deve Gowda. It was formed in July 1999 by the split of  Janata Dal  party. [2][3]. It has political presence mainly in  Karnataka. In  Kerala, the party is part of the  Left Democratic Front  government. Apart from Mr. Gowda, the Party President other well known members of the party are  H. D. Kumaraswamy  (former Karnataka Chief Minister and President of the Karnataka State Unit of the JD(S), Verrendra Kumar (MP and Kerala Unit President) and H. D. Rewanna (former Union Minister). There is also a National Vice President who is second in command to Mr. Gowda (National President) and a General Secretary in the party. United Democratic Front (India United Democratic Front  (UDF) is an alliance of political parties of  Kerala  state in  India. This alliance is led by the  Indian National Congress. The last UDF government (2001-2006) was led by  Oommen Chandy. UDF lost the state government to the  Left Democratic Front  in the  Kerala Assembly Election  held in 2006. The constituents of UDF:[citation needed] 1. Indian National Congress  (INC) 2. Indian Union Muslim League  (IUML) 3. Kerala Congress (Mani)  (KCM) 4. Socialist Janata (Democratic) Party  of  M. P. Veerendra Kumar 5. Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)  (KC(B)) of  R. Balakrishna Pillai 6. Kerala Congress (Jacob)  of  T. M. Jacob 7. Janathipathya Samrakshana Samithy  (JSS) of  K. R. Gowri Amma 8. Communist Marxist Party  (CMP) of  M. V. Raghavan 9. Revolutionary Socialist Party (Baby John)  of  Shibu Baby John Indian National Congress The  Indian National Congress  (Hindi:   ) (abbreviated  INC, and also known as the  Congress party) is one of the two  major  political parties in India, the other being the  Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest  democratic  political parties in the world. [3][4][5]  The partysmodern liberal  platform is largely considered  center-left  in  Indian political spectrum. Founded in 1885 by members of the  occultist  movement  Theosophical Society[6]:  Allan Octavian Hume,  Dadabhai Naoroji,  Dinshaw Wacha,  Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee,  Surendranath Banerjee,  Monomohun Ghose,  Mahadev Govind Ranade[7]  and  William Wedderburn, the Indian National Congress became the leader of the  Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants in its struggle against  British rule  in  India. After independence in 1947, it became the nations dominant  political party, led by the  Nehru-Gandhi family  for the most part; major challenges for party leadership have only recently formed. In the  2009 general elections, the Congress emerged as the single largest party in the  Lok Sabha, with 206 of its candidates getting elected to the 543-member house. Consequently, it along with a coalition of allies called the  United Progressive Alliance  (UPA), was able to gain a majority and form the government. Kerala Congress (Mani) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Kerala Congress (Mani) is a recognised state level political party in the Indian state of Kerala. It was formed in 1979, following a split from the united Kerala Congress. Its chairman is K. M. Mani and Working Chairman is P. J Joseph. Kerala Congress (Mani) is an alliance member of the United Democratic Front. In 2006 it had lost control of state government to LDF. However, in the parliamentary election UDF won and Kerala Congress acquired one seat. Jose K Mani of Kerala Congress (M) scored a thumping majority in the Lok Sabha polls wresting away Kottayam Lok Sabha Constituency from CPI (M). Recently, most of Kerala Congress J of P. J. Joseph merged with Kerala Congress (Mani). However a faction led by P. C. Thomas rebelled against this decision and split the party to form Kerala Congress (Thomas). This resulted in a rise of 3 MLA’s, which made Kerala Congress M the second largest party after INC in UDF. |Chairman |K. M. Mani MLA | |Working Chairman |P. J. Joseph MLA | |Deputy Chairman |C. F. Thomas MLA | |Vice Chairman |P. C. George MLA | Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |Kerala Congress (B) | |Chairperson |R. Balakrishna Pillai[1] | |Secretary-General |K. B. Ganesh Kumar  [1] | |Ideology |Secular SocialistDemocratic | |Alliance |United Democratic Front | |Politics of India | |Political parties | |Elections | Kerala Congress (B)  is a State level Indian political party in Kerala, formed by  R. Balakrishna Pillai, a former minister of the Government of Kerala. At present, the party has one MLA in the State  Legislative Assembly, namely  K. B. Ganesh Kumar, who has been representing the Pathanapuram constituency in  Kollam District  since 2001. The  Kerala Congress  (B)is a constituent of the Congress led  United Democratic Front(UDF). Balkrishna Pillai was elected to the  Lok Sabha  in 1971 and the State Assembley eight times since 1960. However, in the  2006 election  he was defeated by a little known opponent belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). His son K B Ganesh Kumar, a  Malayalam film  and  television actor, made his electoral debut in 2001, when he was elected from Pathanapuram. He went on to become  Transport Minister  in the A K Antony cabinet. He is currently the Vice-Chairman of the Kerala Congress (B he BJP, a predominantly Indian party, has broken through the Vindhyas and can now bloom in Kerala. On first thoughts , tough but serious planning, a strong leader, a good organisational structure and some favourable political wind can help the BJP to emerge as a strong political force here. 1. Background The BJP has generally come to power on a middle class Hindu support . In Kerala the Hindus are divided into two groups the foward Nair/Menon community and the backward Ezhava /Thiyya community. There are also significant number of Dalits. Now in order for BJP to progress it has to garner the support of these communities. The Ezhavas and SCs are the backbone of CPM, while the Nairs split between Congress and CPM. In order for BJPs rise, the BJP has to destroy the CPM ,there is no other way ! 2. Caste Consolidation The Ezhavas and Nairs are at each others throats in Kerala. Thats the reason why the minorities are running away with all the benefits, therefore the BJP has to consolidate the Hindus for this. Many attempts have been done to unite these warring communities in the past. The BJP almost managed to get the support of the largest community organisation SNDP of Ezhavas. It needs a strong emotive issue to bind them. 3. Christian Party Alliance In addition to this it needs a chrisian party because the only way the BJP can win Kerala is an alliance between the Chrisian and Hindus who together constitute for 75 % of the population of the state . For example the BJP allied with a chrisian Party in 2004 and that party won one seat in Kerala a tremendous achievment for the BJP. The upper class Hindus and Christians are very intergrated in Kerala Society the reason why such an alliance might work though happenings like Kandahamal can virtually finish off such aspirations . 3. A strong leader A strong leader is important in that a rise of any party from the grassroots needs a strong leader , Atalji for BJP , NTR for TDP, MGR for AIIADMK,Balasaheb for Shivsena, Mayawati for BSP list goes on . Therefore basically the BJP has to wait for the time when a leader rises to channel the favourable winds of BJP to votes because there is an old adage that leaders are born ,they cannot be made. Also the BJP Kerala unit needs a strong leader since it is riven with factionalism one reason why it has never won a seat in Kerala . 4 . A BJP Goverment at Centre Kerala being higly literate state it would be easy to sell them the idea of having a stake in both the major alliances at the Centre , this has been implemented in the state with the christian based Kerala Congress having factions in both ruling and opposition fronts . Also a favourable Centre would create administrative conditions to counter a negative state goverment . 5. Momentum Momentum is something undeniable in politics , it creates a wave , a river of political forces which cannot be blocked , for that BJP has to win its first seat in the state , which is tough but the BJP has won several assembly segments in LokSabha elections and has four relative strongholds in Kasargod ,Palakkad ,Thrissur and Trivandrum . and if it breaks through nothing can stop a political force from emerging . To sum up ,a strong leader , a castewise consolidation ,a good alliance partner , a favourable political wind is necessary for BJP to emerge, tough ? well thats why this is just an essay . dheeraj Posts:  143 Joined:  Thu Dec 18, 2008 4:26 pm Top Re: Statetgy for BJP in Kerala [pic]by  sreeks  on Wed Dec 24, 2008 10:08 pm You didnt mention the bitter factional divide in Kerala BJP which cripples the party more than anything. Myself consider the period between 1987 to 2000 was the Golden era of Kerala BJP. Most of those veterans made a strong framework of the party in the state are either outside the party or sidelined pathetically,whether it is K. Ramanpillai or O. Rajagopal. What is the plight of the party full timers ? How many of them are in active service now ? No doubt,our present president is the apt choice,but he need to rise up to the expectations of the ordinary fellow travelers by bringing the old hands back to the mainstream. We need to bury petty ego clashes for the nationalist causes. For lesser mortals like me,KRP,OR,CKP,PKK,all are the members of own family. sreeks Posts:  46 Joined:  Sat Nov 08, 2008 11:55 pm Top Re: Statetgy for BJP in Kerala [pic]by  balaji  on Thu Dec 25, 2008 12:04 pm BJP in Kerala can only grow at the expense of Congress not CPM. BJP should actively court the disgruntled elements in Congress and bring them to the BJP fold. Karunkaran and   |BJP History : Its Birth and Early Growth | |[pic]  Print  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   | |   | |[pic] | | | | |Founder | |Ideologue | |Time-Line | | | |Bharatiya Janata Party is today the most prominent member of the family of organisations known as the Sangh Parivar. And RSS | |has always been dubbed communal, reactionary and what not by its detractors. Sanghs of swayamsevaks have of course always | |shaken off that criticism like so much water off a ducks back. They have never had any doubt that the organisation is wedded to| |national unity, national integrity, national identity and national strength through individual character and national character. | |And today this organisation is poised for a great leap forward. Even its long- time detractors think and say that now BJP is | |unstoppable. What is the story of this national epic? |History is the philosophy of nations. And the Sangh Parivar has a very clear and candid conception of Indian history. Here was a| |great civilization whose glory spread from Sri Lanka to Java and Japan and from Tibet and Mangolia to China and Siberia. While | |it weathered the storms of Huns and Shakas and Greeks it wilted before the Islamic storms of the Turks. However, a 1000-year | |resistance saw this country bloodied but unbowed. Its civilization survived through the heroic efforts of the Vijayanagar Empire| |and of Shivaji, Rana Pratap and Guru Govind Singh and countless heroes and martyrs. |

The History and Love Story of the Taj Mahal

The History and Love Story of the Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal is a beautiful, white-marble mausoleum built by Mughul emperor Shah Jahan for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River near Agra, India, the Taj Mahal took 22 years to build, finally being completed in 1653. The Taj Mahal, considered one of the New Wonders of the World, astounds every visitor not only for its symmetry and structural beauty, but also for its intricate calligraphy, inlaid flowers made of gemstones, and magnificent garden. The Love Story It was in 1607, that Shah Jahan, grandson of Akbar the Great, first met his beloved. At the time, he was not yet the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire. Sixteen-year-old, Prince Khurram, as he was then called, flitted around the royal bazaar, flirting with the girls from high-ranking families that staffed the booths.   At one of these booths, Prince Khurram met 15-year-old Arjumand Banu Baygam, whose father was soon to be the prime minister and whose aunt was married to Prince Khurram’s father. Although it was love at first sight, the two were not allowed to marry right away. First, Prince Khurram had to marry Kandahari Begum. (He would later marry a third wife as well.) On March 27, 1612, Prince Khurram and his beloved, whom he gave the name Mumtaz Mahal (â€Å"chosen one of the palace†), were married. Mumtaz Mahal was not only beautiful, she was smart and tender-hearted. The public was enamored with her, in part because Mumtaz Mahal cared for the people, diligently making lists of widows and orphans to make sure they received food and money. The couple had 14 children together, but only seven lived past infancy. It was the birth of the 14th child that was to kill Mumtaz Mahal. The Death of Mumtaz Mahal In 1631, three years into Shah Jahan’s reign, there was a rebellion underway, led by Khan Jahan Lodi. Shah Jahan had taken his military out to the Deccan, about 400 miles from Agra, in order to crush the usurper. As usual, Mumtaz Mahal, who was always by Shah Jahan’s side, accompanied him, despite being heavily pregnant. On June 16, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, in an elaborately decorated tent, gave birth to a healthy baby girl in the middle of the encampment. At first, all seemed to be well, but it was soon discovered that Mumtaz Mahal was dying. As soon as Shah Jahan received news of his wife’s condition, he rushed to her side. In the early morning hours of June 17, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal died in his arms. Reports say that in Shah Jahan’s anguish, he went to his own tent and cried for eight days. Upon emerging, some say he had aged, now sporting white hair and needing glasses. Mumtaz Mahal was buried right away, according to Islamic tradition, near the encampment at Burbanpur. Her body, however, was not to stay there long. Plans for the Taj Mahal In December 1631, when the feud with Khan Jahan Lodi was won, Shah Jahan had the remains of Mumtaz Mahal dug up and brought 435 miles (700 km) to Agra. The return of Mumtaz Mahal was a grand procession, with thousands of soldiers accompanying the body and mourners lining the route. When the remains of Mumtaz Mahal reached Agra on January 8, 1632, they were temporarily buried on land donated by nobleman Raja Jai Singh, near where the Taj Mahal was to be built. Shah Jahan, filled with grief, had decided to pour that emotion into an elaborate, exquisite, expensive mausoleum that would rival all those that had come before it. (It was also to be unique, being the first large mausoleum dedicated to a woman.) Although no one, main architect for the Taj Mahal is known, it is believed that Shah Jahan, who was already passionate about architecture, worked on the plans himself with the input and aid of a number of the best architects of his time. The plan was that the Taj Mahal (â€Å"the crown of the region†) would represent heaven (Jannah) on Earth. No expense was spared to make this happen. Building the Taj Mahal At the time, the Mughal Empire was one of the richest in the world and thus Shah Jahan had the means to pay for this huge venture. With the plans made, Shah Jahan wanted the Taj Mahal to be grand, but also, built quickly. To speed production, an estimated 20,000 workers were brought in and housed nearby in a newly built town for them called Mumtazabad. These workers included both skilled and unskilled craftsmen. At first, builders worked on the foundation and then on the giant, 624-foot-long plinth (base). On this plinth was to sit the Taj Mahal building as well as the two matching, red sandstone buildings (the mosque and the guest house) that flank the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal building, sitting on a second plinth, was to be an octagonal structure, first constructed of brick and then covered in white marble. Like in most large projects, the builders created a scaffolding to build higher; however, what was unusual was that the scaffolding for this project was built of bricks. No one has yet figured out why. The white marble was incredibly heavy and quarried in Makrana, 200 miles away. Reportedly, it took 1,000 elephants and an untold number of oxen to drag the marble to the Taj Mahal building site. For the heavy marble pieces to reach the higher spaces of the Taj Mahal, a giant, 10-mile-long, earthen ramp was built. The very top of the Taj Mahal is topped with a huge, double-shell dome that reaches to 240 feet and is also covered in white marble. Four thin, white-marble minarets stand tall at the corners of the second plinth, surrounding the mausoleum. Calligraphy and Inlaid Flowers Most pictures of the Taj Mahal show only a large, white, lovely building. What these photos miss is the intricacies that can only be seen up close. It is these details that make the Taj Mahal astoundingly feminine and opulent. On the mosque, guest house, and the large main gate at the southern end of the Taj Mahal complex appear passages from the Quran (often spelled Koran), the holy book of Islam, written in calligraphy. Shah Jahan hired Amanat Khan, a master calligrapher, to work on the inlaid verses. Masterfully done, the finished verses from the Quran, inlaid with black marble, look soft and gentle. Although made of stone, the curves make it look almost hand-written. The 22 passages from the Quran were reportedly chosen by Amanat Khan himself. Interestingly, Amanat Khan was the only person who Shah Jahan allowed to sign his work on the Taj Mahal. Almost more amazing than the calligraphy is the exquisite inlaid flowers found throughout the Taj Mahal complex. In a process known as parchin kari, highly-skilled stone cutters cut intricate floral designs into the white marble and then inlaid precious and semi-precious stones to form interwoven vines and flowers. The 43 different kinds of precious and semi-precious stones used for these flowers came from around the world, including lapis lazuli from Sri Lanka, jade from China, malachite from Russia, and turquoise from Tibet. The Garden As in many religions, Islam holds the image of Paradise as a garden; thus, the garden at the Taj Mahal was an integral part of the plan to make it heaven on Earth. The Taj Mahal’s garden, which is situated to the south of the mausoleum, has four quadrants, divided by four â€Å"rivers† of water (another important Islamic image of Paradise), which gather at a central pool. The gardens and â€Å"rivers† were supplied with water from the Yamuna River by a complex, underground water system. Unfortunately, no records have survived telling us what plants were originally planted in the Taj Mahal’s garden. The End of Shah Jahan Shah Jahan stayed in deep mourning for two years but even after that, the death of Mumtaz Mahal still deeply affected him. That is perhaps why the third of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan’s four sons, Aurangzeb, was able to successfully kill off his three brothers and imprison his father. In 1658, after 30 years as emperor, Shah Jahan was usurped and placed in the luxurious Red Fort in Agra. Not able to leave but with most of his usual luxuries, Shah Jahan spent his last eight years staring out a window, looking at his beloved’s Taj Mahal. When Shah Jahan died on January 22, 1666, Aurangzeb had his father buried with Mumtaz Mahal in the crypt beneath the Taj Mahal. On the main floor of the Taj Mahal, above the crypt, now sits two cenotaphs (empty, public tombs). The one in the center of the room belongs to Mumtaz Mahal and the one just to the west is for Shah Jahan. Surrounding the cenotaphs is a delicately-carved, lacy, marble screen. (Originally it had been a gold screen but Shah Jahan had that replaced so that thieves would not be too tempted.) The Taj Mahal in Ruins Shah Jahan had enough wealth in his coffers to support the Taj Mahal and its mighty maintenance costs, but over the centuries, the Mughal Empire lost its riches and the Taj Mahal fell into disrepair. By the 1800s, the British ousted the Mughals and took over India. To many, the Taj Mahal was beautiful and so they cut gemstones from the walls, stole the silver candlesticks and doors, and even tried to sell the white marble overseas. It was Lord Curzon, the British viceroy of India, who put a stop to all that. Rather than looting the Taj Mahal, Curzon worked to restore it. The Taj Mahal Now The Taj Mahal has once again become a magnificent place, with 2.5 million people visiting it each year. Visitors can visit during the daytime, where the color of the white marble seems to change depending on the time of the day. Once a month, visitors have the opportunity to make a short visit during a full moon, to see how the Taj Mahal seems to glow from within in the moonlight.   In 1983, the Taj Mahal was placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO, but it now suffers from pollutants from nearby factories and from the humidity from the breath of its visitors.   Sources DuTemple, Lesley A. The Taj Mahal. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company, 2003.Harpur, James and Jennifer Westwood. The Atlas of Legendary Places. New York: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1989.Ingpen, Robert and Philip Wilkinson. Encyclopedia of Mysterious Places: The Life and Legends of Ancient Sites Around the World. New York: Barnes Noble Books, 1999.

Understanding Kuznets Curve

Understanding Kuznets Curve The Kuznets curve is a hypothetical curve that graphs economic inequality against income per capita over the course of economic development (which was presumed to correlate with time). This curve is meant to illustrate economist Simon Kuznets’ (1901-1985) hypothesis about the behavior and relationship of these two variables as an economy develops from a primarily rural agricultural society to an industrialized urban economy. Kuznets’ Hypothesis In the 1950s and 1960s, Simon Kuznets hypothesized that as an economy develops, market forces first increase then decrease the overall economic inequality of the society, which is illustrated by the inverted U-shape of the Kuznets curve. For instance, the hypothesis holds that in the early development of an economy, new investment opportunities increase for those who already have the capital to invest. These new investment opportunities mean that those who already hold the wealth have the opportunity to increase that wealth. Conversely, the influx of inexpensive rural labor to the cities keeps wages down for the working class thus widening the income gap and escalating economic inequality. The Kuznets curve implies that as a society industrializes, the center of the economy shifts from rural areas to the cities as rural laborers, such as farmers,  begin to migrate seeking better-paying jobs. This migration, however, results in a large rural-urban income gap and rural populations decrease as urban populations increase. But according to Kuznets’ hypothesis, that same economic inequality is expected to decrease when a certain level of average income is reached and the processes associated with industrialization, such as democratization and the development of a welfare state, take hold. It is at this point in economic development that society is meant to benefit from trickle-down effect and an increase in per-capita income that effectively decreases economic inequality.   Graph The inverted U-shape of Kuznets curve illustrates the basic elements of the Kuznets’ hypothesis with income per capita graphed on the horizontal x-axis and economic inequality on the vertical y-axis. The graph shows income inequality following the curve, first increasing before decreasing after hitting a peak as per-capita income increases over the course of economic development. Criticism Kuznets’ curve has not survived without its share of critics. In fact, Kuznets himself emphasized the â€Å"fragility of [his] data† among other caveats in his paper. The primary argument of critics of Kuznets’ hypothesis and its resulting graphical representation is based on the countries used in Kuznets’ data set. Critics say that the Kuznets curve does not reflect an average progression of economic development for an individual country, but rather it is a representation of historical differences in economic development and inequality between countries in the dataset. The middle-income countries used in the data set are used as evidence for this claim as Kuznets primarily used countries in Latin America, which have had histories of high levels of economic inequality as compared to their counterparts in terms of similar economic development. The critics hold that when controlling for this variable, the inverted U-shape of the Kuznets curve begins to dimin ish. Other criticisms have come to light over time as more economists have developed hypotheses with more dimensions and more countries had undergone rapid economic growth that did not necessarily follow Kuznets’ hypothesized pattern. Today, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC)- a variation on the Kuznets curve- has become standard in environmental policy and technical literature.

Togo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Togo - Essay Example The first elected president of Togo is Sylvanus Olympio on the elections of 1960 by beating Nicolas Grunitizky, the candidate supported by France. On January 13, 1963, the Olympio government is reversed by a military putsch organized by Nicolas Grunitizky and Etienne Gnassingb Eyadema then simple sergeant. After the assassination of Olympio, Grunitizky proclaims president. Its reign will be short, because in 1967 he is relieved by Gnassingb Eyadema who decided to seize power himself. His dictatorial attitude common to many African dirigants enables him to direct the country during 38 years he dies on February 5, 2005, which will enable him to dispute to Fidel Castro the title of "dictator longest in activity". The current president is the son of the former dictator Faure Gnassinbe, having taken the capacity after "elections". From an economic point of view Togo is one of the poorest countries of Africa. The situation could however have been different. The beginnings of the Eyadema reign of were lucky as well on the political than the economical point of view. It is unfortunately an economy made a long time of corruption, amateurism and improvisations. All the models were copied with more or less failure. From the "Chinese" economical plans, without any budgetary provision, to the Israeli co-operative plan, a common point characterizes all its stages: the absence of long-term prospect and ideological or theoretical bases. In 1967 the new port stimulated the economy, the extraction of phosphate had just been grinds and the modest industrialization still started by the first president seemed to succeed. The courses of the cocoa and the coffee were excellent. During 19 years Togo will know a certain stability period and even a relative prosperity because of very great phosphate resources (4th world producer, the resources are exploited by alien companies which pay a royalty to the Togolese government). However at the end of 1982, the country is in crisis and strongly involves in debt. President does not have other choices than respect the conditions of the experts of the International Monetary International Monetary Fund as well as the World Bank and France," The purse being empty". Alas as it is current in African countries, measurements are awkwardly applied with the result that the economic situation of the country is not improved on the contrary. The agricultural revolution for example starts by the president is by a failure, until our days Togo is still not self-sufficing in food goods. It is a result which however was foreseeable; it is indeed foolish to think that one can make pass directly to tractor a farmer who, all its life, ever uses hoe and machete without any preliminary formation. Hundreds of tractors were thus bought while the hangars where they would have being preserves had not been even built. The only positive point of this revolution was a considerable increase in the cotton production, from 1959 to 1989 the production increased: 2000 to 40000 tons. The industrialization or rather the attempt at industrialization of the country was quite as catastrophic. Until the phosphates boom of the country followed a careful course of industrialization which really succeeded, however later the president launched out in a series of useless and very expensive projects which

IT Professional Responsibilities toward the Society Essay

IT Professional Responsibilities toward the Society - Essay Example Nevertheless, metadata can be dangerous if the document gets passed on to others electronically. This can happen, for instance, during the submission of an electronic document into a court, distribution of the documents among the adverse groups, or during the document’s circulation to the opposing counsel during negotiations. â€Å"The document’s metadata may contain hidden information that the sender would not want to share with the recipients, such as comments on revisions or the time and by whom the comments were made† (Day et al., 2008, p. 12). Computing professionals assume this responsibility to be very careful in their handling of the metadata for their own safety, safety of their coworkers, and of the whole society. The responsibilities of the computing professionals extend beyond compliance with the policies and goals of their company to include the interests of the society at large. â€Å"Lack of security awareness and training, operating system design and security, open source issues, design complexity and multiple layer approach are some of the current issues with ICT† (Beqiri, n.d.). Computing professionals need to have a firm hold over all these areas to secure the information whose leakage may put the future of the society in the hands of the enemies. The responsibility of computing professionals toward members of their profession and the society translates into the broader area of business ethics. Over the passage of time, organizations have become quite experienced and informed about the delicate nature of information technology issues. This has brought a change in the employers’ attitude toward what skills they want in the information technology professionals. â€Å"When employers of newly qualified information systems professionals are asked what it is they would most like them to know, the answer is very rarely

A Patriarchal World Essay -- essays papers

A Patriarchal World John Bodnar says it well when he suggests that "the center of everyday life was to be found in the family-household. It was here that past values and present realities were reconciled, examined on an intelligible scale, evaluated and mediated." This assertion implies that the immigrant family-household is the vehicle of assimilation. I will take this assertion a step further and examine more specifically the powerful role of the patriarchal father within Anzia Yezierska's book Bread Givers and Barry Levinson's film Avalon. Yezierska's theme vividly depicts the constraint of a patriarchal world, while Levinson illustrates the process of assimilation and the immigrant, now American, family and its decline. In this paper, I will exemplify how the patriarchal father, Sam Kochinsky (Armin Mueller-Stahl) and Reb Smolinsky are the key determinant of the dynamics by which the family assimilates. In assimilation, you are said to conform to your surroundings. Assimilation is a process by which you reconcile the ideal with reality. Dealing with virtually three generations of an entire Jewish American immigrant experience, Levinson illustrates not necessarily the merging of two cultures, but possibly the tainting of authenticity, clouding (memories of) the familiar-the villain being the television. The happy community of extended family is, in the end, supplanted by the glowing idiot box that kills conversation and turns its suburban audience into zombies. In Yezierska's work, she epitomizes the struggle between the Old World and the New World. The patriarchal father, representing traditional Jewish ways, and Sara Smolinsky, the heroine, struggling against her father with the desire to reconcile with reality. In Bread Givers, Yezierska symbolically depicts Sara as the immigrant parting her ways as she embarks anew on the journey that was given to her when she arrived by which to transform her life-dealing with the daily transformation as she struggles to hold together the wants of society and her (families) authenticity in these days of deep troubles. The head of the family, Reb Smolinsky is an immovably Orthodox Jewish rabbi, who lives by the Holy Torah, and expects his family to do the same. His reign over the family reinforces Old World, traditional values and beliefs. Reb holds to the Torah belief that "if they [women] let... ...ggested an adaptation in the hopes that Jules would simply have a better life than that of a wallpaper-hanger. In putting television in place a New World, Levinson portrays how a cheap, gaudy, poor substitute somehow seduced and enraptured the family. Perhaps Levinson is saying that although it may be the easier to converge, assimilation is too costly. On the other hand, you have Reb whose stubborn beliefs and male superiority coupled with a passive wife allow him to claim control over his daughter's lives. Resentment is quite damaging and separates families as well. Either way you look at it the outlook is favorable for neither assimilation nor isolation. And so I conclude in saying that the patriarchal father has an especially important role and while he needs the strength found in Yezierska's character, Reb, (in order to hold the family together) he must also be willing to adapt to a changing reality. Immigration is neither a call for assimilation nor isolation. Indivi duality is important, but why resist change when you can better yourself in the process. Bibliography: Levinson, Barry. Avalon. 1990. Yesierska, Anzia. Bread Givers. Persea Books: New York, 1999.

How Tension Is Created in the Play “a View from the Bridge? Essay

In this essay I am going to discuss how tension is created in the play â€Å"A View from the Bridge† written by Arthur Miller, but more specifically how tension is created at the end of Act One. A View from the Bridge is set in Red Hook, New York full of Italian Americans who struggle to earn a living. In the 1950’s, Italy was a very poor country however immigration was made illegal before this, in 1946. The play goes on to tell us about the Carbone family, an American family consisting of a couple – Eddie and Beatrice and her sister’s orphaned daughter; Catherine. Having raised Catherine since she was a small girl, Eddie is extremely possessive and controlling of her, which we come to see more and more as the play progresses. When Beatrice’s cousins Marco and Rodolfo come to stay with the family illegally, to try and get work and a sufficient amount of money to send back home to Italy, tensions rises as Eddie feels threatened as Marco’s alpha male status, which causes a shift in balance in the household. As we read the play, we come to see how Eddie’s petty insecurity gets the better of him, causing an inevitable tragic ending. Towards the end of Act One, we see the tension in the Carbone household reach a critical level, and it is clear for all to see. The characters attempt to ignore, hide and even relieve this tension by all means necessary, although whatever they do seems to make the atmosphere even more tension filled. Relationships between certain characters – such as the one between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice and the relationship between Eddie and Marco create tension in different ways, and sound/music, action, movement and gesture all contribute to the rising tension at the end of Act One. We see many different examples of tension when it comes to the relationship between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice. For example, Catherine’s first words in this scene are â€Å"You know where they went? † This automatically causes accidental tension between Rodolfo/Marco and Eddie because Catherine is exclaiming to Eddie that the men have travelled, making Eddie feel angry as he doesn’t to seem in any way or form weak compared to Rodolfo and Marco. In Eddie’s eyes, he sees this as the two brothers have something over him, so now he tries in any shape or form to ‘win back’ Catherine. As well as this, the way Catherine says this seems to be with pure enthusiasm and excitement which shows how naive she is to her surroundings. This reflects Catherine’s general behaviour as she is nearly 18, and doesn’t seem to notice the effect of her actions on other people. Additionally we can clearly see Eddie’s resentment of Rodolfo when Rodolfo mistakenly angers Eddie when he says â€Å"lemons are green†. This is said in response to Eddie trying to belittle the brothers and imply their trade is dishonest, so when Rodolfo says â€Å"lemons are green† this makes Eddie look the fool and we already know that Eddie feels bitter about the two brothers, especially Rodolfo so when he makes him look stupid, automatic tension is created. It does so in the way that Eddie doesn’t want to be outsmarted by Rodolfo because he doesn’t want to look as if Rodolfo is superior to him. When Eddie has a go at Rodolfo for taking Catherine out to the movies, and returning home later than she usually does, Eddie is clearly on the brink of a full blown rage, and when he starts to tell Marco this, Marco instantly orders, not tells Rodolfo that he will from now be back home in time. This specifically doesn’t create tension but shows us more of Marco’s alpha male position, which Eddie is obviously threatened by. What does create tension is when Beatrice defends Rodolfo when Eddie is trying to prove it point that Rodolfo is the cause of Catherine staying out late by saying â€Å"Well, he didn’t exactly drag her off Eddie. † This shows to us the Beatrice is defending Rodolfo as she is disagreeing completely with what Eddie, her husband is saying. This obviously creates tension because as a wife, Beatrice is meant to support and agree with her husband, however she is disagrees with what Eddie has said, as she believes that Eddie has inappropriate feelings towards Catherine, so Beatrice will obviously want to get Catherine out of the picture as soon as possible so she can feel that she has ‘her husband back’. After this Eddie starts to openly criticise Rodolfo in front of the household, but more especially it’s directed at Catherine, so Eddie can convince her that Rodolfo lacks any type of masculinity. He does this by saying â€Å"He’s a cook, too! †¦ He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses.. † by saying this he is implying that these stereotypically feminine skills mean the Rodolfo is no kind of man, or at least in Eddie’s eyes which means he isn’t right for Catherine. As well as this although Eddie never actually says it in the play, he often implies that Rodolfo may be gay, which is what he may be trying to do here. This creates tension because although Rodolfo doesn’t clearly see it, Eddie is openly mocking him, and making him look like less of a man. The tone of which Eddie says this in is obviously meant to knock Rodolfo but he is totally oblivious to Eddie’s growing resentment, which creates more tension as it angers Eddie as it doesn’t spark a reaction. Miller uses music and sound as well as dialogue to show the tension at the end of the scene. For example when Catherine puts the record â€Å"Paper Doll† on and dances with Rodolfo, many forms of tension are created here. For instance, the lyrics of the song are all about someone taking away someone from another person, who is exactly what Eddie feels Rodolfo is doing to Catherine. So the lyrics in the record will cause tension as Eddie believes this is what is happening, and it’s almost ironic that Catherine chooses this record to play. The most obvious form of tension when Catherine and Rodolfo dance, is simply the fact that they’re dancing. As we know Rodolfo and Eddie were not having a nice conversation before when Catherine suggested dancing, and Rodolfo was very weary of Eddie’s behaviour. So the fact that they’re being quite close and intimate in front of Eddie is bound to cause tension as Eddie doesn’t like Rodolfo, so the fact they’re dancing is bound to cause tension. Also, the fact that Rodolfo has spent money which he should be saving (like Marco is) annoys Eddie because he feels that the two brother should be keeping a low profile instead of publicly making themselves known, and by shopping this means that Rodolfo has gone out, which means people would have seen him and etc. So this creates tension as it annoys Eddie that he’s off gallivanting buying records and clothes, instead of working hard and keeping a low profile. After tension being made by music, Rodolfo turns the music off abruptly, which almost acts as Rodolfo’s reaction to what Eddie says. The lack of music means that everything that is said can be clearly heard, and it means the characters have nothing to ‘hide’ behind. This creates tension as the lack of music symbolises Rodolfo’s patience with Eddie, as his comment was unjustified and Rodolfo obviously felt offended enough to turn off the music. Action, movement and gesture are additionally used to reveal tension in the household, for example when Eddie is talking about Rodolfo and how Eddie is different (and better) than Rodolfo, he has â€Å"unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight role†¦until it eventually tears in two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This automatically creates tension as it is if Eddie has subconsciously been showing them all his true feelings of Rodolfo. As these are stage directions, we can indefinitely see the violence that Eddie is holding on to, and this symbolises his feelings towards Rodolfo. After this Eddie tries to teach Rodolfo boxing and instead, ends up punching him in the face. Eddie obviously does this to show off, to prove to everyone how masculine he is and how much better he is and weak Rodolfo is. He does this to make up for Rodolfo’s earlier comment where Eddie felt as if he was being made a mockery of, and this gives Eddie a chance to show off his physical strength against Rodolfo. In conclusion, Arthur Miller creates tension through the use of stage directions, dialogue and many other different techniques. He often uses the stage directions to symbolise the physical status of his characters, which ultimately reflects subconsciously how they really feel about one another, and this is what really shows us how much tension there is created and how much drama there is at the end of Act One.

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